The campaign against cosmopolitanism in the USSR is a highly important link in a series of political and ideological campaigns instigated and directed by the top party leadership. This collection of 262 documents from the ideological departments of the CPSU shows that Stalin"s campaign, that started immediately after the victory in the war and ended with his death, was directed not only against Jews but rather against the independently thinking intelligentsia. This campaign was meant to foster anti-western feelings in preparation for starting the "cold war". Stalin also used this campaign to shake the government establishment once more and to toughen domestic and foreign policies. Indices. The series started in 1997.