This book presents a new transmission line protection scheme using voltage transient waveforms and fundamental voltage and current signals. The scheme integrates the high frequency transient protection algorithms with the synchronized sampling fault location algorithms to produce high speed fault detection and accurate location to the fault. The algorithms were enhanced by a new fault classification technique based on wavelet singular entropy and neural networks to classify different fault types and detect arcing activity within the faultIn order to reach better reliability and stability to the transmission network, transient adaptive single pole auto reclosing scheme (SPAR) was introduced. In the case of transient faults, the arcing extinction time can be accurately determined and in the case of a permanent fault, breaker re-closure can be avoided.