Results of research are presented to monographies on creation of scientific bases of dry distillation of liquid hydrocarbons. Thus as the steaming agent are used hydrocarbonic steams. The analysis of a modern condition of the theory and practice of distillation of liquids is carried out. Physical, chemical and thermal properties of hydrocarbons are considered. Processes mass exchange at rectification of liquid hydrocarbons with application of the alternative steaming agent are stated. Results of calculations by definition of degree of an intensification of process of rectification of raw materials at the expense of use of hydrocarbonic steams are given. Results of experiments on studying of influence of structure oil and gas-condensate mixes on increase in an exit of light fractions and clearness of division of raw materials at fuel fractions at rectification with application of hydrocarbonic steams are generalised. The given monography is useful to technical officers of a petroleum-refining industry, scientific employees, doctoral-student, and also teachers and students of higher educational institutions.