Bronkhial"naya astma ne yavlyaetsya gomogennym zabolevaniem, a skoree kompleksom razlichnykh fenotipov, trebuyushchim differentsirovannogo podkhoda k diagnostike i lecheniyu. Dolya atopicheskoy astmy sostavlyaet 78% ot obshchego chisla vzroslykh bol"nykh. Sushchestvenno razlichayutsya klinicheskie fenotipy atopicheskoy astmy, v zavisimosti ot vozrasta nachala bolezni, a takzhe klinicheskiy fenotip atopicheskoy astmy podrostkov muzhskogo pola, v diagnostike kotorogo bol"shoe znachenie imeyut bronkhoprovokatsionnye testy. Nalichie V16 Arg/Arg tipa β2-adrenoretseptora (19% u bol"nykh astmoy) ne vliyaet na estestvennoe razvitie astmy, odnako opredelyaet vyrazhennost" bronkhodilatatsionnogo otveta na korotkodeystvuyushchie β2-agonisty. Otmechena effektivnost" i bezopasnost" lokal"nykh metodov allergen-spetsificheskoy immunoterapii u bol"nykh atopicheskoy astmoy. Tsel" terapii astmy – dostizhenie kontrolya, otsenka kotorogo dolzhna byt" kompleksnoy, i vklyuchat" ne tol"ko klinicheskie simptomy i funktsiyu legkikh, no i markery vospaleniya. Oksid azota v vydykhaemom vozdukhe yavlyaetsya odnim iz takikh markerov, osobenno znachimym dlya lits s atopicheskoy formoy astmy.