The second, updated and enlarged edition of the Dictionary contains 354 entries representing the basic groups of the anthropocentric lexics of Russian and - less systematically - some other languages of the lexicon. It is a production coordinated with a certain grammatical description of Russian. The dictionary implements the principles of systematic lexicography, and aims at the reflection of the language-specific ("naive") picture of the world. It also purports to combine detailed linguistic portraits of separate lexical items with a unified description of all lexical items belonging to a single lexicographical type. Every dictionary entry stores the information on the semantic, referential, pragmatic, connotative, communicative, syntactic, selectional, morphological, and prosodic similarities and differences between synonyms.