In world order, henry kissinger - one of the leading practitioners of world diplomacy and author of on china - makes his monumental investigation into the tectonic plates of global history and state relationsworld order is the summation of henry kissingers thinking about history, strategy and statecraft as if taking a perspective from far above the globe, it examines the great tectonic plates of history and the motivations of nations, explaining the attitudes that states and empires have taken to the rest of the world from the formation of europe to our own timeskissinger identifies four great world orders in history - the european, islamic, chinese and american since the end of charlemagnes empire, and especially since the peace of westphalia in 1648, europeans have striven for balance in international affairs, first in their own continent and then globally islamic states have looked to their destined expansion over regions populated by unbelievers, a position exemplified today by iran under the ayatollahs for over 2000 years the chinese have seen all under heaven as being tributary to the chinese emperor america views itself as a city on a hill, a beacon to the world, whose values have universal validity how have these attitudes evolved and how have they shaped the histories of their nations, regions, and the rest of the world what has happened when they have come into contact with each other how have they balanced legitimacy and power at different times what is the condition of each in our contemporary world, and how are they shaping relations between states nowto answer these questions henry kissinger draws upon a lifetimes historical study and unmatched experience as a world statesman his account is shot through with observations about how historical change takes place, how some leaders shape their times and others fail to do so, and how far states can stray from the ideas which define them