The purpose of this volume is to describe and contextualize post-colonial negotiations among contemporary Muslims by using science as a case. This research project contributes to both the anthropology of science, technology, and medicine and science and technology studies by improving knowledge of the practice and perception of science in the Islamic world and among Muslims living in the West. This project also contributes to anthropological understandings of globalization and modernity. Specifically, this project examines the Islamization of knowledge debate through a multi-sited ethnography of four institutions: (1) the International Institute of Islamic Thought in Herndon, Virginia; (2) the Graduate School of Islamic and Social Sciences in Leesburg, Virginia; (3) the International Islamic University of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and (4) the International Institute of Islamic Thought in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.