This essay is an attempt of the multilateral analysis of work of the Soviet biologist and Ukrainian agronomist Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (1889-1976). After the notorious session of the VASKhNIL in 1948 scientists who did not share the views of academician Lysenko were removed from their jobs, and some of them persecuted. His name became a byword for charlatans in science. This book presents a balanced view of his achievements and mistakes. Also available on the subject: Medvedev, Zhores. Vzlet i Padenie Lysenko (1993), Liubishchev, A.A. O Monopolii T.D. Lysenko v Biologii (2006), Ovchinnikov, N.V. Akademik Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (2010).