As the economic crisis forces a new focus on longterm investment in institutions, it is essential that we recognize the contributions of America’s great research universities to our national welfare. They have been a model of innovation throughout the world, and they are a rich resource for the complex economic, social, scientific, technological, and medical problems we face. In a transforming economic landscape, Jonathan Cole argues that it is crucial that we support and nurture this powerful—yet underappreciated—national resource.