Translated by Leo M. Pruden, "The Essentials of the Eight Traditions", composed by Gyonen, offers concise explanations of the eight major schools of Japanese Buddhism then in existence. Translated by Robert Rhodes, "The Candle of the Latter Dharma", composed by Saicho, founder of the Japanese Tendai school, discusses the state of monastic practice in the Age of the Latter Dharma (mappo). There are two titles in one volume.