In this special section, each article utilizes a longitudinal data set in which data were collected from both partners in a random sample of 300 full-time employed dual-earner couples with children. These articles explore how work-family roles affect both women"s and men"s psychological health within the context of dual-earner families. Each article employs innovative methodology that addresses previously unanswerable questions about the psychological health of women and men in dual-earner couples. The ultimate goal is that the results of such research will be taken into account in designing work-family policies that affect the health of women and families.