The papers in "Educational Technology XXIII" have been selected from the Educational Technology International Conference 1989 (ETIC 89), which focused on the human issues that determine whether learning systems work effectively. Contributions from throughout the world examine the problems and realities of managing innovation in the context of new developments in hardware, learning materials and delivery systems. Taken together, this collection of papers provides a cross section of expertise from a variety of sources in the field of training and education.