This monograph on naming the geographical objects of Belarus and the United States by means of proper names is the result of a theoretical and comparative investigation of toponyms. The conception of cognitive-onomasiological study of the names of microobjects is presented in the study. The conception is approved and verified on a rich empirical material (no less than 10,000 names for each region). The importance of a being-and-feeling mode in toponymy has always prevailed over the importance of a cognizing-and-processing one. Even now, most properties of proper names are found in a language motivation of names influenced by occasional properties of an object. The psychology of feelings, detailed perception of separate qualities of objects and keeping them in mind are considered by many researchers to be the main field of applying human cognizing apparatus. The importance of this research is due to several reasons. First, the names of minor-sized water bodies have never been a separate subject of study so far. The names of rivers and lakes are characterized by the highest rate of linguistic interest within hydronymy despite the fact that they are more likely than any other proper names of water bodies to lose the inner form while functioning. Even fewer studies are devoted to contrastive analyses of different scales of water bodies of the two regions. Secondly, the study of peculiarities of onymic lexis solely at the regional level can satisfactorily describe a specific system of names and note its structural and semantic features, but it does not allow to disclose the laws of linguistic systems and their evolution. Going beyond a single language system makes it possible to get rid of "self-centeredness of monolingualism" and to see the unity and identity of "toponymic thinking" of societies and its concrete linguistic expression in the forms of names.