Chihei Hatakeyama was influenced by Fudaraku-tokai. It is a form of the ascetic practice of sacrifice performed in medieval Japan. A monk undertaking this practice would set out to sea in a small, single-sailed (but oar-less and rudderless) boat in the hope of arriving at the southern paradise of the Bodhisattva of Compassion (Avalokitesvara; Guanyin; Kannon). The Fudaraku Tokai was carried out over twenty times between the eleventh and seventeenth centuries.