This historic book may have numerous typos, missing text or index. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. 1922. Not illustrated. Excerpt: ... having a constant supply of mash on the range the chickens are always able to get plenty of feed and a hopper of this kind is a splendid investment. If a dry mash is used for the small chicks in the brooder house an open box hopper along the types shown in Figure 13 but much smaller in size is very satisfactory. Such a hopper should be about 12 inches wide, 18 inches long and 4 to 5 inches deep. It will be necessary to put this hopper right on the floor for the small chicks in order that they can get into the box but as the chicks grow larger it can be raised up off the floor to keep the litter from getting into the feed. Baby chicks just hatched should be fed by hand in open troughs until they are large enough to jump up into a box of this kind. Automatic watering devices are very helpful on a large poultry farm and are especially practical in sections where the water does not freeze during the winter. Various types of automatic devices such as are manufactured by dairy supply houses and other implement manufacturers are used in poultry houses. The simplest kind of devices should be secured for this purpose as complicated systems are expensive to keep in repair. Supplying water automatically saves a large amount of labor and also keeps a fresher supply of water before the fowls. It usually pays to have water piped to the different poultry houses and different parts of the range even though automatic devices for supplying water are not furnished in" each pen in the poultry house or in each yard on the range. Litter and feed carriers may sometimes be used to advantage on a poultry farm but are only practical on poultry farms where the hens are kept in long poultry houses. Where the houses are 16 or more feet in depth and 200 or more feet in length, the use of a l...