This monograph analyzes the basic paradigms of the linguistics of the second half 20th to early 21st centuries that are: isolational, anthropocentrical and sociocultural as well as their psychological and philosophical basis. The author pays the main attention to the sociocultural paradigm: the socio-cultural history of the metaphor of mechanism, cognitive and culturo-historical foundation of methnymia, the concept of "crisis of culture, etc. (0.575 kg.)