Developed from the International Genetics Congress in Dubai in December 2003, this publication discusses genetic-related topics with the aim of improving the standards in education, service and research. Special focus is given to various aspects of genetic disorders from a global perspective, and on the link between basic scientific research and clinical genetics as a bridge to community health. The contributions discuss common genetic problems in Arab countries and the Middle East, and the development of preventive strategies in this region. Consanguineous marriage is common in the Arab world. This has significant implications for increased rates of recessive disorders, lethal malformations and other disease conditions. A better understanding of the influence of endogamy and consanguinity on population structure and transmission of diseases as well as the attitudes and perception of families, societies and cultural groups towards genetic disorders and genetic counselling is thus crucial.