In the wake of September 11th, the trend among states has been to move away from recognition of the right of peoples to self-determination as enshrined in the International Bill of Rights, and increasingly to view individuals and groups seeking that right within the new context of the "war on terrorism". This second international conference on the right to self-determination sought to respond to deepening UN acquiescence to the erosion of this basic right, by seeking to re-enforce its earlier understandings related to right to self-determination, and the institutional options for conflict resolution and management between groups within states. It addresses the question of whether the establishment of an International Civil Tribunal on the Right to Self-determination might be the most effective tool whereby international civil society might facilitate UN instruments and mechanisms as it concerns the right to self-determination.