This manual guides student pilots, flight instructors, and FAA-designated examiners through checkrides, the final test in acquiring a pilot license. Written by the FAA, this book lists the knowledge and experience prerequisites and provide background study and reference materials. New information is provided for knowledge requirements, physiological conditions (such as dehydration, spatial disorientation, and hypoxia), flight planning exercises, skill requirements for takeoff and landing, and the tolerances for altitudes, airspeeds, headings, and banks that must be maintained to demonstrate each maneuver successfully.