Deutsche Lieder für Jung und Alt (known informally as "Klein & Groos" in honor of its music editors) was published in Berlin in 1818. It consisted of 121 monophonic songs compiled by young men of the Turnverein movement, who practiced an energetic form of exercise, advocated a return to "old German" ways, and supported the struggle against Napoleon. In the 1820s, Anton Gersbach supplemented his copy of the songbook with handwritten additions. These include sixty-two items, mostly songs for multiple voices, but also a few political and religious poems. Many of the polyphonic pieces were composed by Anton"s brother Josef, a significant music pedagogue in southwest Germany. The present critical edition includes both layers of this unusual document. The original published book reflects the interests and tendencies of politicized youth just after the Napoleonic wars, combining folklike, religious, and nationalist songs. The added material continues the political theme with many settings of pan-German and anti-French poems by Rückert and others. It also demonstrates the growing importance of choral singing in Biedermeier Germany.