This book is a collection of essays on the unique history of the Jews, the champions among other ethnic groups in terms of length of life, the people which played a role out of proportion to its size. Iurii Militarev is a professor of philology, linguist-etymologist, author of over 100 academic works in languages and ethnic culture, head of the Jewish University in Moscow. Supplement: Tree of origins of languages by the end of the second millennium B.C.