The review sets out to highlight the major developments in this field over the last decade. The different techniques used to prepare PLS nanocomposites are covered. The physicochemical characterisation of PLS nanocomposites and the improved materials properties that those materials can display are discussed. Processing techniques are critical in polymer manufacturing and this holds true for nanocomposites. Several processing methods and innovative techniques are discussed. The probable applications of PLS nanocomposites are also covered in detail. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.