This work examines the scope, rationality and limits of state intervention in the economy, drawing upon studies of tribute-based states of antiquity and modern capitalist states. In examining how state personnel intervene in the economy, this book draws three conclusions about the economic anthropology of the state. First, there is a great range of variation in the way that states intervene in the economy. Second, the economic impact of the state extends far beyond its role in organising or managing production and distribution. Finally, understanding the economic anthropology of the state requires an awareness of the strength of powerholders outside the state, especially those who are often regarded as powerless.