Santos-Gomez contends that soccer in the San Joaquin Valley constitutes a manifestation of a complex process by which immigrant farmworkers are carving out spaces of civic engagement, and more broadly speaking, practicing novel forms of substantial citizenship. Simultaneously, these processes constitute an expression of profound changes; on the one hand, the late re-intensification of California agriculture with increasing demand s of human labor for extended periods of time and, on the other, the increasing process of settling down of farmworkers that such re-intensification has favored, a labor force that until now, was highly mobile.