The first complete survey of the chemistry of the nitro derivatives of the monocyclic and polycyclic five-membered N- and N,O-heterocycles. It covers azoles pyrroles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, isoxazoles, oxazoles, and oxadiazoles and the corresponding azolines and azolidines. It describes nitration, nitrolysis, ring formation, and transformation. The author focuses on illustrating chemical principles and on collecting data to provide the latest information and a critical evaluation. Most of the information has been provided by investigations initiated to satisfy requirements for useful high-energy materials, desirable biological properties, and compounds required for preparative work.