Indigenous peoples have suffered disproportionately from the effects of extractive industries on their lands and livelihoods, including environmental degradation, human rights violations, and dispossession. Although the abuses have been ongoing, there has been a growing assertion of the rights of indigenous peoples to decide their own development paths, which frequently calls for the rejection of large-scale extractive projects. Based primarily on the proceedings of an International Conference on Extractive Industries and Indigenous Peoples that took place in Manila in March 2009, this book thematically explores the nature of the problem, reviews recent developments and analyses the strategies employed at local, national, and international levels.