Shortly after the Sandinista victory of July 1979, the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua gained enormous international notoriety because of violent conflicts between the new government and the people of the Coast region. Today, asserts Carlos Vilas, it may be the region of Nicaragua in which the peace process has advanced furthest. Exploring the origins of Nicaragua"s internal conflicts, Vilas identifies and discusses the ways in which the Coast has been conceptualized, both before and after the revolution, by the groups that act within the Nicaraguan state. He analyzes the social bases of those groups, characterizes the policies inspired by their differing viewpoints, and considers the changes that have been made in both state and region and the tensions, contradictions, and reactions those changes have produced. This historical approach allows a comparison of the Somoza government of the 1950s-1970s and the present regime, as well as of the costeno responses to them. Vilas analyzes the tensions between the Coast"s ethnic groups (Miskito, Sumu, Rama, Creole, and Garifuna) and the mestizo central revolutionary government as an accumulation of confronting territorial, socioeconomic, and ethnic ingredients.