After 230 years of Manchu rule, a brief period of autonomy, and 80 years as Soviet satellite, the Mongolian state founded by Genghis Khan finally regained its independence in 1990. While attempting to build a democratic nation and market economy on the ruins of a collapsed communist regime, Mongolia has also been re-examining its cultural heritage. This new edition of Sanders"s critically acclaimed Historical Dictionary of Mongolia carefully details the key issues in Mongolia"s struggle to build a democracy and provides up-to-date biographical detail about the presidents, ministers, parliamentarians, and party leaders, listing the full membership of the national assembly and government, and names the top decision-makers of the main political parties. Against the background of relations with Tibet, this resource adopts a sharper focus on the spread of Tibetan Buddhism to Mongolia. There is a broader approach to cultural affairs, with expanded entries on literature and the arts, and entries on human rights and the role of women in society.