Fungal infections are an increasing problem in critically ill patients and these infections carry an attributable mortality that is much higher than corresponding bacterial infections. In both Europe and North America, Candida infections predominate and much of this book concentrates on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections. Particular reference is made to the cross-infection problems of Candida infection and the importance of infection control and preventative measures. However, other fungal infections are increasingly being seen in critically ill patients. This book is designed to offer a European and North American perspective on each topic. There are many similarities in experience and clinical practice but also significant differences that we hope will stimulate further thought and study. We hope the book will be of interest to intensivists, infectious disease specialists, medical microbiologists, and all those with an involvement in critical care. Progress in intensive care medicine is resulting in a growing population of critically ill patients at risk of fungal infection. Further improvements in survival will require a multidisciplinary approach.