Part one of this edition introduces this perioperative nursing vocabulary, describes the origins of the language and conceptual model, and offers a user"s guide to implementation including care plans, educational plans, competencies, critical pathways, and performance appraisals. These contributions illustrate how others have incorporated the PNDS in various clinical settings. Part two lists the actual data elements, organized by outcome. Other additions include the concept of interim outcomes statements, a listing actual outcome indicators, clarification of intervention statements, linkages to nursing diagnoses, and new outcome statements.