In recent years, great progress has been made in both basic and clinical research of dentistry. It is a good time, therefore, for both the basic and clinical sides of dentistry to integrate recent advances in these fields of oral motor functions. This symposium was held in Osaka in order to meet such requirements. 30 oral and 66 poster presentations were given at the symposium, on which this book is substantially based. Dentists of the next generations will be required to understand recent advances in brain research because their work is profoundly related to nerve function.