This text on pretrial litigation reflects many significant recent developments. It incorporates the 2010 amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure concerning expert witnesses and summary judgment, as well as the refashioning of pleading pursuant to Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Iqbal v. Ashcroft. The continuing evolution of electronic discovery law and practice is addressed through notes and exercises, including sections on civil actions in cyberspace (involving service, filing and personal jurisdiction) and discovery in cyberspace (raising privilege, confidentiality, and other issues presented by electronically stored information).