Cybercrime, Cyberterrorism, and Cyberwarfare covers ways of thwarting threat agents, intruders, hackers, hactivists, phreaks, and zombies to combat denial of service, distributed denial of service, sniffers, botnets, spoofing, e-mail spoofi ng, vishing, pharming, phishing, trapdoors, and spamming. Cybercrime, Cyberterrorism, and Cyberwarfare also covers ways of guarding against cyber threats and cyber attacks using encryption, firewalls, firmware, intrusion detection, vulnerability management, risk management, and information systems security.