This book is based on more than 30 years of scientific and clinical work with the Herbst appliance in the therapy of Class II malocclusions. Elaboration of the clinical use of this noncompliance fixed functional appliance include the following topics: Appliance design and construction Short- and long-term treatment effects in the management of Class II:1 and Class II:2 malocclusions Mandibular growth stimulation in patients treated at different stages of somatic and skeletal maturation Headgear effect of the Herbst appliance Therapy influence on the frequency of extractions Advantages and disadvantages of an early versus a late treatment approach Successful application of the Herbst appliance in young adults (20 to 30 years of age) Herbst therapy as an alternative to orthognathic surgery in nonsyndrome adult Class II malocclusions Additionally, this book addresses the possible harmful effects of the Herbst appliance on the temporomandibular joint, the anchorage teeth, and the tooth-supporting hard and soft tissue structures. Table of Contents 1. Historical Background 2. Dentoskeletal Characteristics of Class II Malocclusions 3. Design, Construction, and Clinical Management of the Herbst Appliance 4. Derivates of the Herbst Appliance 5. Experiemental Studies on Bite Jumping 6. Herbst Research Subjects and Methods 7. Short-term Effects on the Dentoskeletal Structures 8. Long-term Effects on the Dentoskeletal Structures 9. The Headgear Effect of the Herbst Appliance 10. Effects on TMJ Growth 11. Effects on Mandibular Growth and Morphology 12. Effective TMJ Growth 13. Effects on the Skeletofacial Growth Pattern 14. Effects on the Facial Profile 15. Effects on Muscular Activity 16. Effects on TMJ Function 17. Treatment of the Retrognathic and Prognathic Facial Type 18. Treatment of Hyper- and Hypodivergent Class II: 1 Malocclusions 19. Anchorage Problems 20. Effects on Anchorage Teeth and Tooth-Supporting Structures 21. Treatment Indications 22. Treatment Timing 23. Treatment of Adults An Alternative to Orthognathic Surgery 24. Complications 25. Relapse and Retention 26. Concluding Remarks