This is an account of a Cold War crisis as seen from both sides of the Iron Curtain. It is based on the previously closed archives of each member-state of the Warsaw Pact and also offers top-level documents from Kremlin Politburo meetings, multi-lateral sessions of the Warsaw Pact leading up to the decision to invade, and also transcripts of KGB-recorded telephone conversations between Leonid Brezhnev and Alexander Dubcek. Once classified American documents from the National Security Council, CIA, and other agencies are also included. To provide a historical and political context, the book includes an introductory essay for each section, and a chronology, glossary, and bibliography provide further background information. The editors are members of the commission appointed by Vaclav Havel to investigate the events of 1967-70 in the former Czechoslovakia.