Actual and hypothetical examples reveal how arbitrators interpret and decide workplace disputes. Using criteria developed by master arbitrator Carroll R. Daugherty, the authors thoroughly examine the reasoning behind arbitration awards in discipline and discharge cases brought under a labor agreement. This is an ideal general guide plus an excellent aid for determining what (if any) disciplinary action is warranted in particular situations. You get explanations and illustrations of each of the seven tests—notice, reasonable rules and orders, investigation, fair investigation, proof, equal treatment, and penalty—with real-life examples and references to arbitrated cases.