This book provides the reader with a holistic approach to earthquake modeling and prediction. The lithosphere is studied as a hierarchical nonlinear dissipative system in which the predictability of earthquakes, aftershock activities and the variation of seismic activity are analyzed. More specialized models taking into account regional aspects are investigated. The reader will learn to pose the problem of earthquake prediction using a successive step-by-step approach, narrowing down the time interval, territory and magnitude range where a strong earthquake can be expected. The book is written for researchers in geophysics and applied mathematics but may also serve as an advanced textbook for graduate students wishing to enter the field.