This book is prepared by the Institute of Europe of Russian Academy of Sciences. Comparative economic analysis is done for three regions: Russia, and Central and Western Europe: Czechia, Hungary, Poland. The first chapter is devoted to the rate, proportions, and tendencies of Russian economic development in 1945-1993. The second chapter is about economic reforms and their results in Western Europe, including Russia. The third chapter contains economic prognoses for all three regions. Among contributors to this monograph are the leading Russian economists: V.M. Kudrov, V.V. Popov, N.P. Shmelev, etc