Ontology has successfully developed in many directions and has fostered various approaches for depicting the contemporary ontological landscapes. This volume outlines recent thought on the conceptual interfaces between science and philosophy, and opens up a view onto the plurality of different ontological schemes. The papers discuss the interfaces between ontology and empirical research that are created by the notions of a whole, a thought, a number, a quality, an ability, a kind, notions of causation, dynamicity, and social objects, the application of relevant logical tools for the reconsideration of ontological paradigms, as well as the investigation of the consequences in cognitive sciences on the development of ontology.