In learning societies, citizens are increasingly required to develop the competence to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and qualifications in order to adapt to increasingly knowledge-based economies and societies. One of the major aims of governments is the improvement of media literacy among citizens of all ages. People are encouraged to evaluate and analyze information supplied by different types of media in order not to become passive receivers of information. Educators must respond to this need for media literacy and develop programs for lifelong education and learning. Media education constitutes an important part of lifelong education and learning for active citizenship at all levels. The effectiveness of media education is determined by several factors: equal accessibility to media and information for different socio-economic and cultural groups, the incorporation and satisfaction of the diversified needs and motivations of these groups in using and applying the technologies, and a supportive infrastructure and environment to sustain programs. This book studies the challenges of media literacy to cultural identity, quality of life and learner’s capacities. Providing case studies from nine countries, the aim is to contribute to the development and improvement of programs, contents and methods of media education at all levels and types of education. The work will be useful for gGraduate students and academics specializing in comparative education and media education, as well as policy makers in charge of IT and media policy.