A valuable learning tool as well as a reference for students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience, this book provides students and researchers with the theoretical crystallographic foundations necessary to understand local geometries and symmetries of bulk crystals, including ideal and real single crystal surfaces with and without adsorbates. The author deals with the subject at an introductory level, providing numerous graphic examples to illustrate the mathematical formalism. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. The text includes exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, which are meant to stimulate discussions about the different subjects.