Natural Flea & Tick Defense is a natural pest deterrent made from natural Brazilian oils, expertly blended and balanced. So, what makes this formula so good? How does it stand out from other natural pest repellents on the market today? It"s based on a formula created in the Amazon rainforest. The indigenous Brazilian people living in the rainforest have always dealt with pests in their environment - fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. For centuries, the people have used a natural formula to protect themselves from these pests. The people living in the Amazon rainforest were able to protect themselves by formulating a combination of natural oils from their native surroundings ... the same non-toxic oils used to formulate Natural Flea & Tick Defense. Lemongrass oil -When formulated into a spray for pets, it promotes a shiny, healthy coat, and helps repel fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. Cinnamon oil - A versatile essential oil widely used in the household. It is an effective environmentally-friendly ingredient that helps deter mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and other pests from attacking your dog or cat. Sesame oil - A rich, almost odorless oil derived from tiny sesame seeds. When combined with other essential oils it helps protect against pests and promotes the health of your pet"s skin and coat. Castor oil - Castor oil has been used for years by veterinarians. When combined with other oils, helps to repel a variety of pests. Purified water - Only the purest water is used to help blend and properly balance the unique formula of essential oils. Results from a 2006 study showed how well it was tolerated by cats. This is a very important distinction for this product. I"ve seen my share of kitties in my practice that were injured through the improper use of an essential oil their owner thought couldn"t possibly harm them. Safe and effective for your pet.