The skin is the first line of defense against injuries and bacteria. With injury, the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is scraped away or opened to allow bacteria to enter. In a more severe injury, the dermis, which contains connective tissue, hair follicles, nerves and lymph and blood vessels, can be damaged. Nutri-Vet topical skin care products can be for superficial infections, abrasions, hot spots, insect bites and other minor irritations. Pad guard wax is a safe, non-toxic wax that safeguards paws from the effects of gravel, asphalt, sand, hot pavement, ice, snow, salt and chemically treated roads and uneven hard surfaces. Helps heal cracked pads and abrasions. Provides protection for dogs of all ages.