Nanodiamond-related materials are widely investigated for many applications in mechanics, electronics and semiconductors due to the superior properties of hardness, thermal stability and wide energy band gap. However, the high cost of nanodiamond-related materials due to the low growth rate limits the commercialization. This book studies different approaches of preparing nanodiamond- related materials and analysis of material properties. Nano-Ni catalysts by one-step chemical reduction were used for the catalytic growth of nanodiamond films by Hot Filament CVD. Nitrogen- doped ultrananocrystalline diamond films deposited by Microwave Plasma CVD and nanocarbon ensembles were investigated by spectroscopy. Nd:YAG laser CVD is used to grow carbon films on glass. Nano-Ni and CeNi as molten catalysts mixed with nanodiamond seeds and adamantane for growing diamond under H2 were studied at 1 atm. The exploration should open new research areas for nanodiamond materials on synthesis and characterization and would be helpful to professionals in diamond materials, or anyone who is interested either in scientific research or industrial applications.