Before Krav Maga, Haganah or Lotar, Kapap was the original Israeli fighting art. As the tactical foundation of Israeli defense and security forces, Kapap"s face-to-face combat system continues to serve a vital role in modern self-defense. In Volume 1, PRINCIPLES AND CONDITIONING, topics include: the push-pull principle, manipulations via T-shapes, linear vs. circular attacks, how to counter edged-weapon attacks, the concept of relative position, attacking sensory points and the brain, the high-low attack principle and mental and physical conditioning for combat. With backgrounds in the Israeli military and as current instructors at the Kapap Academy, Avi Nardia and Albert Timen teach civilians, martial artists, law-enforcement officers and military personnel how to upgrade their toolbox of personal combat skills for any situation.