Choline is a precursor for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine"s role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity is vital to information flow, intracellular communication, and bioenergetics. Choline is also a major part of another membrane phospholipid, sphingomyelin, also important for the maintenance of cell structure and function. As a dietary supplement and ergogenic aid, however, claims surrounding choline are due mostly to its role as a component of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter needed for conduction of nerve signals and brain function. Because acetylcholine helps brain cells communicate with each other, it plays an important role in learning and memory. Memory Upgrade is a synergistic blend of choline and cofactors, designed by Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw. Memory Upgrade has been formulated with natural flavors and fructose that provides a great-tasting