Written for the XXI FIDE Congress taking place in Dublin in June 2004, this book is the most wide ranging and comprehensive international survey of the topic ever undertaken. It covers how 25 EU members (both current and accession states) are adapting their domestic anti-trust laws in preparation for the modernisation and decentralisation of EU anti-trust enforcement brought about by Regulation 1/2003, in force from 1 May 2004. Each country"s report was submitted by a national expert, and sets out in detail how states are meeting the challenge of granting their national courts and competition enforcement agencies full powers to apply Articles 81 and 82 of the EU Treaty. The national reports also point to challenges and difficulties that lie ahead for harmonious operation of the new decentralised regime.