During the last twenty-five years there has been a widespread move toward more market-oriented policies and institutions across the developing and former socialist countries, usually in the context of more politically open societies. The most remarkable fact of this movement is that while policies have often been quite similar, results have been very different. Thirty-one country studies, relying heavily on a political economy analysis, were undertaken to try to understand these divergent results. In this book the findings of these studies are synthesized on a regional and global basis. Three of the case studies are also included.