This new collection by Nelson Minnich deals with the general councils of the Catholic Reformation in the late medieval and early modern periods. The volume opens with overviews of the various editions of and current scholarship on these general councils. Three studies then give special attention to the role of theologians in these councils: their changing legal status (consultative or deliberative voting rights) and their individual roles and those of the various theological schools in drafting the decrees.Another article examines the legal status of theologians accused of heresy and schism. Two examine the contest between the councils of Pisa-Milan-Asti-Lyon and Lateran V for legitimacy, studying in particular the contrasting image of Julius II (suspended for contumacy by Pisa but the strong leader of Lateran V) and the role ceremonies played in securing legitimacy. Last, there are three studies devoted to the Council of Trent: the status of the Protestants who came to the council, its debates on the priesthood of all believers, and the influence of Lateran V on its procedures, debates, and decrees.