This book is about the history of one of the largest Russian archives, the department of ancient Russian books and manuscripts in the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom). This collection was crowned by the twenty-volume Biblioteka Literatury Drevnei Rusi edited by Dmitrii Likhachev and his colleagues. This monograph celebrates the 100th anniversary of the Pushkinskii Dom and tells the story of its development from 1906 to the present and about its leading scholars in the background of social and political processes in Russia, including the "akademicheskoe delo (1929-1931). An appendix contains an article about V.I. Malyshev, the founder of the collection of ancient Russian manuscripts. Name index. Also available by the same author: "Malye" Ochagi Severnorusskoi Bylinnoi Traditsii: Issledovanie i Teksty (2001).